Overview of Personality Theories

Abstract

Adler research focused on the possibility that a person ’s personality developed early in life. He thought positive and negative experiences early in childhood could lead to reactions that would establish lifelong personality orientations or goals. Adler believed people have empowered to create her or his style of life. Alder felt people are responsible for whom they become and how they respond. Their creative power places them in control of their own lives.  Carl Rogers was a great leader that’d often compared to Alfred Adler. Roger was extraordinary who believed that each of our lives in a continually changing private world, which he called the experiential field Roger believed many self-actualized individuals are revolutionizing the world by trusting their power, without feeling a need to have “power over” others (n.d).  The primary determinant of whether we will become self-actualized is our childhood experience.

Carl Roger is a leader that had a vision like Alfred alder. Carl Rogers had several influences by several strong Religious leaders.  Rogers early clinical career was in a children’s hospital. Rogers developed his therapeutic techniques and the accompanying theory from positive and hopeful perspective.  Rogers focused on the unique characteristics and viewpoint of individuals (n.d). Carl Rogers is known for his contributions to therapeutic applications of humanism. Carl Rogers is well known for His framework of therapy known as then person-centered therapy. Person-centered therapy focuses on the client. Rogers felt that having a healthy, productive person-centered therapeutic environment: with unconditional positive regard, empathy and congruence help with a personal development (n.d). According to Alders theory “Rogers believed all creatures strive to be there best.  If they fail, it is not for lack of desire” (“Carl Rogers,” n.d.). The good life is known as a process, not a state of being. The good life requires psychological freedom and a healthy and supportive environment.

Rogers believed each of us lives in a continually changing private world, which he called the experiential field.  Everyone exists at the center of his or her experimental field. Individuals make their own choices for actualizing their self-structure Rogers called personal power (Rogers, 1977). Roger believed many self-actualized individuals are revolutionizing the world by trusting them own power, without feeling a need to have “power over” others (n.d).  Rogers (1959) believed humans have one basic motive, that is the tendency to self-actualize (“Carl Rogers | Simply Psychology,” n.d.).

Rogers obtained his higher level of striving by His parents who were well-educated, his father was a civil engineer.  His parents had six children, of whom Rogers was the fourth.  They were fundamentalist Christians, a close-knit family. Growing up Rogers was not the healthiest of children, his family felt he tended to be sensitive. The more his family teased him, the more he retreated into a lonely world of fantasy.  He sought consolation by reading books, and he was well above his grade level for reading when he began school (n.d). Carl Roger father encouraged their children to develop their ventures, Rogers and his brothers raised a variety of livestock. Carrying on as a family tradition, Rogers then enrolled at The University of Wisconsin-Madison to study scientific agriculture (DeCarvalho,1991; Thorne, 2003). Rogers’ theory is simple.  The theory built on a single “force of life” he calls the actualizing tendency.

Rogers felt that all creatures have the potential to make their existence the best.  If they fail, it is not for lack of desire (n.d). Rogers motives apply to all living creatures. The long-term goal of Rogers theory provided five characteristics that were is the long-term focus; one is Open to experience: both positive and negative emotions. Negative feelings are not denied but worked. Second is Existential living: in touch with different experiences as they occur in life, avoiding prejudging and preconceptions. The third is Trust feelings: feeling, instincts, and gut-reactions are paid attention to and trusted. Forth is Creativity: creative thinking and risk-taking are features of a person’s life. Lastly is Fulfilled life: a person is happy and satisfied with life and always looking for new challenges and experiences (n.d). Rogers main focus was every person could reach their goal. Meaning a person that the person is in touch with the here and now, his or her subjective experiences and feelings, continually growing and changing.

The satisfaction regarding theories for Charles Rogers was for his gain. Unlike the existing approaches of psychoanalysis, aimed to identify problem behaviors.  Client-centered therapy was Rogers desire to help his clients move forward in their lives (n.d). According to Alders birth theory carl Rogers would identify as the second born he was the fourth child out of six. Growing in a strict upbringing and many chores, Carl becomes somewhat isolated, independent, and self-disciplined. The second born child feeds off the attitude of the older siblings. The second child is often competitive (n.d).

Carl Rogers stated in order for a person to reach for self-actualization they must have a state of congruence. Rogers approached the idea of congruence and incongruence by the person concept of self.  The ideal self, like the fictional finalism known by Adler.  Incongruence is often developed by the real self that falls short of the ideal self that is accomplished (Rogers, 1951, 1959/1989).  Roger founded that the relationship between parents and their children plays an essential role in this development. The primary determinant of whether we will become self-actualized is by our childhood experience.  Parents that expect too much form their children tend to make it extremely hard to develop the ideal self remains out of reach. Roger had a passion for helping children that lead to him. 

References

• Carl Rogers’ Theories: Overview | Study.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/carl-rogers-theories-lesson-quiz.html
• Carl Rogers | Simply Psychology. (n.d.). Carl Rogers | Simply Psychology. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-rogers.html
• Carl Rogers. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/rogers.html
• Personality Theory | Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow, & Henry Murray | OER Commons. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/22859-personality-theory/15/view
• Personality Theory | Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow, & Henry Murray | OER Commons. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/22859-personality-theory/15/view