Untitled Essay Research Paper Plato

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Untitled Essay, Research Paper

Plato LIFE Plato was born to an blue household in Athens, Greece. When he was a kid his male parent, Ariston, who was believed to be descended from the early male monarchs of Athens died, and his female parent, Perictione married Pyrilampes. As a immature adult male Plato was ever interested in political leading and finally became a adherent of Socrates. He followed his doctrine and his dialectical manner, which is believed to be the hunt for truth through inquiries, replies, and extra inquiries. After witnessing the decease of Socrates at the custodies of the Athenian democracy in 399 B.C. , Plato left Athens and continued to go to Italy, Sicily, and Egypt. ( Internet ) In 387 B.C. Plato founded the Academy in Athens otherwise known as the first European university. The Academy provided a broad scope of course of study including topics such as uranology, biological science, doctrine, political theory, and mathematics.

Aristotle was the Academy & # 8217 ; s most outstanding pupil. ( Internet ) The internal personal businesss of the academy ruled the following 20 old ages of Plato & # 8217 ; s life and he wrote nil. Many Grecian young persons were attracted to the new school. Plato so went to Syracuse to oversee the instruction of the opinion prince. Plato was non certain about the success of this escapade although he felt he could non decline this chance of seting his thoughts to a trial. It did non work out for Plato and he returned to Athens in 360 B.C. He so devoted himself to learning and talking at the Academy. He died at age 80 in Athens in 348 B.C. Before his decease Plato completed the Sophist, the Politicus, the Philebus, the Timaeus and eventually the Laws. ( Internet ) DIALOGUES The Symposium is the most widely read of Plato & # 8217 ; s duologues with the exclusion of the Republic and it is with good ground. It & # 8217 ; s literary virtue is outstanding with philosophical and psychological beginnings ( Allen ) ANAYA & # 8211 ; 2 THE Early DIALOGUES In the early duologues Socrates ever played the taking axial rotation. In all of them, Plato was seeking to maintain the spirit of Socrates alive. There are besides early duologues that portray Socrates in capricious tempers but ever with a serious intent. ( Allen ) The Republic was the most disclosure of all Plato & # 8217 ; s early Hagiographas. Plato believed that one could non earnestly build a political theory without a metaphysics. Therefore, we find an lineation of human life as it should be lived harmonizing to nature. ( Allen ) THE LATER DIALOGUES In the ulterior duologues Soctates does non ever play the prima function. He does non come in into the conversation of Laws. More involvement was shown in the possibilities of political relations. Law and legal authorities were stressed and it greatly influenced Aristotle. It is clear that in ulterior old ages Plato became more cognizant of the troubles in trying to unite scientific discipline with authorities. Plato & # 8217 ; s chief involvement at the terminal of his life was to steer human attempt as indicated in his last duologues, the Laws. ( Allen ) Many pupils of the Academy were making into places of power in the Grecian universe. Plato planned a trilogy at the terminal of his life, the Timaeus, the Critias, and the Hermoncrates. ( Allen ) THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE Plato & # 8217 ; s theory of cognition can be found in the myth of the cave. The myth describes people chained within a cave. The lone images they see are the shadows of objects and animate beings held in forepart of a fire that is behind them that reflects on the cave walls in forepart of them. That is all they had of all time seen so that is what they believe to be existent. One twenty-four hours a adult male escaped the cave and went outdoors. With the Sun he saw what was existent in the universe and realized all he of all time saw were merely shadows. He went back to the work forces in the cave and told them all this. He told them that they ANAYA & # 8211 ; 3 excessively could see the outside if they broke free of their ironss but they didn & # 8217 ; t believe him. The environment of the cave to Plato symbolizes the physical universe of visual aspects. Escaping into the sun-filled universe means the passage into the existent universe that is full and perfect being the universe of signifiers, which is the proper object of cognition. ( Hare p.39 ) NATURE OF FORMS The theory of Forms may be understood best in footings of mathematical entities. This theory was his manner of explicating how the same cosmopolitan term can mention to so many peculiar things or events. An person is human to the extent that they resemble or take part. In the Form & # 8220 ; humanity & # 8221 ; if & # 8220 ; humanity & # 8221 ; is defined in footings of being a rational animate being and human being to the extent that he or she is rational. An object is beautiful to the extent that it participates in the Idea, or Form of beauty. Everything in the universe of infinite and clip is, what it is by virtuousness of it & # 8217 ; s resemblance to, or engagement in, it & # 8217 ; s cosmopolitan Form. The supreme Form is the Form of Good, which like the Sun in the myth of the cave, illuminates all the other thoughts. The theory of Forms is intended to explicate how one comes to cognize and besides how things have come to be the manner that they are. ( Internet ) ETHICS Plato & # 8217 ; s ethical theory remainders on the premise that virtuousness is knowledge and can be

taught, which has to be understood in terms of his theory of Forms. One of his famous arguments is that to “know the good is to do the good”. Along with that he states that anyone who behaves immorally does so out of ignorance. He also says that a truly happy person is a moral person and they become individuals and always desire their own happiness. They always desire to do that which is moral. (Dolan p.76) ANAYA–4 TRUTH Plato illustrates truth by telling the well-known story of Gyges. Gyges one day stumbled upon a chasm in the opening of the earth after a heavy rainfall. He came upon a horse made of bronze which had a door on the side of it. He opened it up and saw the body of a man of superhuman stature, wearing a gold ring. He took the ring off the finger of the body and placed it upon his own. He later realized that if he turned the bezel of the ring inwards in the direction of the palm of his hand he would become invisible. He would use the ring to his advantage many a time. He would kill off anyone that stood in his way and he got whatever he wanted without anyone suspecting him. He even quickly rose to be the King of Lydia. Now, think of the same ring in the hands of a wise man. He would not consider that it would give him the right to do wrong any more than if it did not belong to him. For to act secretly is not what a good man aims at, it is what he wants to do to act rightly. (Grant 172,173) WORKS Plato’s writings were in dialogue form. The earliest collection of Plato’s work includes 35 dialogues and 13 letters. It is still disputed if some of them are authentic or not. The works of Plato can be split up into 3 groups. The earliest dialogues represent his attempt to communicate the philosophy and style of Socrates, many of the dialogues take the same for of the writings from him. (Internet) PLATO’S ACHIEVEMENTS Plato’s actual achievements in his field was great. He had a greater claim than anyone else to be called the founder of philosophy. What is unique about Plato is the progress towards a much tougher, more precise logical and metaphysical theory, a moral philosophy and a philosophy of language. Through discussion and criticism, they shaped the entire future of philosophy. (Hare) ANAYA–5 Plato’s development of the topic “The one and the many” sought an explanation of the variety of things on reason. The search started with the question “What were their origins” and “What are they all made of “. Scientists went on asking this question and answering it. Plato grasped the truth that understanding is different from science and just as imporant. (Hare) INTERVIEW One of Plato’s most famous ideas is the idea that the world is a rational place and that we are all here for a reason. People are good because they want to be good not because they will be punished if they are not and rewarded if they are. Plato works from top to bottom with his philosophy as opposed to bottom to top. It is shown by his work that you do not run into as many problems doing it the reverse way that he does. Rationality is used to eliminate the feeling in a person. It is the complete opposite of emotion, rationality is used in all views. Emotion causes more problems because none of the acts such as hate, love, murder, lust, fear….are rational. This idea of reason usually conflicts with the ideas of the bible but in Plato’s case the views were quite similar. Art is a form that is not looked upon as highly in society as rationality because there is so much emotion put into it. One of the best examples is love love is not a rational thought and with art love is expressed a lot throughout important pieces. “Rational thought” is known to be able to start government and lifestyles, although not all lifestyles can be controlled. Take for instance an alcoholic is an alcoholic because they are not being rational and it is not that they can’t stop drinking it is that they don’t have enough willpower to stop. It all comes down to lack of control and lack of reason. Most of what we do is not based on rational thought and even though we know that it should be we too do not have the willpower to change our lifestyles around. First of all, we wouldn’t be able to survive because it would mean getting rid of all emotional thoughts and feelings and that is close to impossible. Second to live like that would seem so far out and unreal that no one would even try to attempt it. No one can live life without love, lust, hate, and ANAYA–6 fear they are things that every human being is born with and will die with. Plato always presumed that rational was good, and right, but to us in this world rational is impossible. (Swanson) BIBLIOGRAPHY Allen, R.E. The Dialogues of Plato, Volume II. London: Yale University Press Publisher, 1991. Grant, Michael. Cicero, Selected Works. Blatimore: Penguin Books Publisher, 1960. Dolan, John P. The Essentials Erasmus. New York: The new American Library Publisher, 1964 Internet. Plato (circa 428-C.-347 B.C) Plato Page. http://www.connect.net/ron/plato.html. Hare, R.M. Plato. London: Oxford University Press, 1892

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